Isicelo sokuhlola ubulukhuni

Umhloli wokuqina ithuluzi lokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto. Ngokuya ngezinto ezihlukene ezilinganiswayo, umhloli wokuqina ungasetshenziswa ezinkambu ezahlukene. Abanye abahloli bokuqina basetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula imishini, futhi bakala ubukhulu bezinto zensimbi. Okufana nokuthi: Umhloli wokuqina we-Brinell, umhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell, umhloli wokuqina ka-Leeb, umhloli wokuqina we-Vickers, umhloli we-microhardness, Umhloli wokuqina ogwini, umhloli wokuqina we-Webster njll. Izikophu zohlelo ezithize zalaba bahloli bokuqina zimi kanje:

Umhloli wokuqina we-Brinell:ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bensimbi efojiwe kanye nensimbi eyinsimbi enesakhiwo esingalingani. Ukuqina kwe-Brinell yensimbi efojiwe kanye nensimbi empunga inokuxhumana okuhle nokuhlolwa kwe-tensile. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell kungaphinda kusetshenziselwe izinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni kanye nensimbi ethambile. I-indenter yebhola elingudayamitha encane ingakala usayizi omncane nezinto ezizacile, futhi ikale izindawo zokulungisa ukushisa kanye neminyango yokuhlola ifekthri yezimboni zemishini ehlukahlukene. I-Brinell tester hardness isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ecishe iqedwe. Ngenxa yokuhlehlisa okukhulu, ngokuvamile akusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe.

 

Umhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell:Hlola izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziyinsimbi nezingezona ayoni, hlola ubulukhuni bensimbi ecishiwe, insimbi ecishiwe futhi ethambile, insimbi ehlanganisiwe, insimbi eqinile, amapuleti anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izinto ze-carbide, izinto ze-powder metallurgy, okokugcotshwa kwesifutho esishisayo, ukubunjwa okubandayo, ukubunjwa okubambekayo, ama-alloys e-aluminium, amapuleti ensimbi aqinile, njll.

I-Superficial Rockwell Hardness Tester:Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubulukhuni beshidi lensimbi elincanyana, ipayipi elincane lodonga, insimbi eqinile nezingxenye ezincane, i-alloy eqinile, i-carbide, insimbi eqinile, ishidi eliqinile, insimbi eqinile, insimbi ecishiwe futhi eqinile, insimbi ephonsiwe, insimbi ekhonjiwe, i-aluminium, ithusi, i-magnesium nezinye izinsimbi ze-alloy.

 

Umhloli wobulukhuni be-Vickers : kala izingxenye ezincane, amapuleti ensimbi azacile, amafoil ensimbi, amashidi e-IC, izintambo, izendlalelo eziqinile eziqinile, izendlalelo ezifakwe ugesi, ingilazi, ubucwebe namaceramics, izinsimbi ezisansimbi, izinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni, amashidi e-IC, okokumbozwa kwendawo, izinsimbi ezilayiniwe; ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, i-agate, amatshe ayigugu, njll.; ukujula kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwegradient kwezingqimba ze-carbonized kanye nokucisha izendlalelo eziqinile. Ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, imboni yezogesi, izesekeli zesikhunta, imboni yokubuka.

 

Knoopumhloli wokuqina:esetshenziswa kabanzi ukukala ubulukhuni bemifanekiso emincane nemincane, okokungena kwendawo nezinye izibonelo, kanye nokukala ubulukhuni be-Knoop bezinto ezinqamukayo neziqinile njengengilazi, izitsha zobumba, i-agate, amatshe ayigugu okwenziwa, njll., ububanzi obusebenzayo: ukwelashwa kokushisa, i-carburization, ukucisha ukuqina okungaqinile, ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi, izingxenye ezincane nezincane, insimbi.

 

Umhloli wokuqina ka-Leeb:insimbi nensimbi eyingxubevange, insimbi yensimbi eyingxubevange, insimbi empunga, i-ductile iron, cast aluminium alloy, ingxubevange ye-copper-zinc (ithusi), ingxubevange ye-copper-tin (ithusi), ithusi elihlanzekile, insimbi efojiwe, insimbi yensimbi, insimbi ye-chrome, insimbi ye-chrome-vanadium, insimbi ye-chrome-nickel, i-chrome-molybdenum, insimbi ye-silicone-high, insimbi engenazinsimbi, insimbi engenazinsimbi njll.

 

Shinsimbiumhloli wokuqina:Ikakhulu isetshenziselwa ukukala ubulukhuni bepulasitiki elithambile kanye nenjoloba yobulukhuni evamile, njengenjoloba ethambile, irabha yokwenziwa, amarola enjoloba okuphrinta, ama-thermoplastic elastomers, isikhumba, njll. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yepulasitiki, imboni yenjoloba nezinye izimboni zamakhemikhali , okuhlanganisa ubulukhuni bepulasitiki eqinile kanye nerabha eqinile, njll. ilungele ukukala ubulukhuni esizeni berabha nemikhiqizo eqediwe yepulasitiki.