Ikhodi yokuqina kwensimbi ithi H. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlola ubulukhuni, izethulo ezivamile zihlanganisa iBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS) ubulukhuni, njll., phakathi kwazo I-HB ne-HRC zisetshenziswa kakhulu. I-HB inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi i-HRC ifanele izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu kwendawo, njengokuqina kokwelashwa kokushisa. Umehluko wukuthi i-indenter ye-hardness tester ihlukile. Umhloli wokuqina we-Brinell iyi-indenter yebhola, kanti i-Rockwell hardness tester iyi-indenter yedayimane.
I-HV ilungele ukuhlaziywa kwe-microscope. I-Vickers hardness (HV) Cindezela indawo ebonakalayo enomthwalo ongaphansi kuka-120kg kanye ne-indenter yesikwele sekhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-136°. Indawo engaphezulu yomgodi wokungeniswa kwezinto ihlukaniswa ngenani lomthwalo, okuyi-Vickers hardness value (HV). Ubulukhuni be-Vickers buvezwa njenge-HV (bhekisela ku-GB/T4340-1999), futhi bulinganisa amasampula amancane kakhulu.
I-HL ephathekayo yokuhlola ubulukhuni ilungele ukukalwa. Isebenzisa ikhanda lebhola elinomthelela ukuze libe nomthelela endaweni eqinile futhi ikhiqize ukugxuma. Ukuqina kubalwa ngesilinganiso sejubane lokubuyela emuva kwe-punch ku-1mm ukusuka endaweni yesampula ukuya kwisivinini somthelela. Ifomula ithi: Ukuqina kwe-Leeb HL=1000×VB (isivinini sokubuya kabusha)/VA (isivinini somthelela).
Isihloli sokuqina sokuqina kwe-Leeb singaguqulelwa ku-Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) ubulukhuni ngemva kokulinganisa kuka-Leeb (HL). Noma sebenzisa isimiso sika-Leeb ukuze ulinganise ngokuqondile inani lokuqina nge-Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Brinell ubulukhuni:
I-Brinell hardness (HB) ivamise ukusetshenziswa lapho impahla ithambile, njengezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni, insimbi ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa noma ngemva kokuhushula. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HRC) ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme, njengokuqina ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, njll.
Ukuqina kweBrinell (HB) kuwumthwalo wokuhlola wosayizi othile. Ibhola lensimbi eliqinile noma ibhola le-carbide lobubanzi obuthile licindezelwa endaweni yensimbi ukuze lihlolwe. Umthwalo wokuhlola ugcinwa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, bese umthwalo uyasuswa ukuze kukale ububanzi be-indent endaweni okufanele ihlolwe. Inani lobulukhuni be-Brinell yi-quotient etholwe ngokuhlukanisa umthwalo ngendawo eyindilinga yendawo yokuhlehlisa. Ngokuvamile, ibhola lensimbi eliqinile losayizi othile (ngokuvamile u-10mm ububanzi) licindezelwa endaweni ebonakalayo ngomthwalo othile (ngokuvamile u-3000kg) futhi ligcinwe isikhathi esithile. Ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, isilinganiso somthwalo endaweni yokuhlehla yinani le-Brinell hardness value (HB), futhi iyunithi ingamandla ekhilogremu/mm2 (N/mm2).
Ubulukhuni be-Rockwell bunquma inkomba yenani lobulukhuni ngokusekelwe ekujuleni kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kokuhlehlisa. 0.002 mm isetshenziswa njengeyunithi yobulukhuni. Uma i-HB>450 noma isampula lincane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell akukwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi kusetshenziswa isilinganiso sokuqina kwe-Rockwell esikhundleni salokho. Isebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-120° noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59 noma 3.18mm ukuze licindezele lidlulele phezulu kwento ehlolwayo ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ukuqina kwento kubalwa kusukela ekujuleni. kokuhlehlisa. Ngokusho kobunzima bezinto zokuhlola, zivezwa ngezikali ezintathu ezihlukene:
I-HRA: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, esetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme kakhulu (njenge-carbide esimende, njll.).
I-HRB: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm, elisetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphansi (njengensimbi ehlanganisiwe, insimbi ekhonjiwe, njll.).
I-HRC: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, esetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme kakhulu (njengensimbi eqinile, njll.).
Ngaphezu kwalokho:
I-1.HRC isho isikali C sokuqina kwe-Rockwell.
I-2.HRC ne-HB zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni.
3.HRC uhla olusebenzayo HRC 20-67, okulingana ne-HB225-650,
Uma ubulukhuni bungaphezu kwalolu hlu, sebenzisa i-Rockwell hardness A scale HRA,
Uma ubulukhuni bungaphansi kwalolu hlu, sebenzisa i-Rockwell hardness B isikali se-HRB,
Umkhawulo ophezulu wokuqina kwe-Brinell ngu-HB650, ongeke ube ngaphezu kwaleli nani.
4.I-indenter yesikali se-Rockwell sokuqina kokuqina iyikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-120 degrees. Umthwalo wokuhlola uyinani elithile. Izinga laseShayina lingu-150 kgf. I-indenter ye-Brinell hardness tester iyibhola lensimbi eliqinile (HBS) noma ibhola le-carbide (HBW). Umthwalo wokuhlola uyahlukahluka ngobubanzi bebhola, kusukela ku-3000 kuya ku-31.25 kgf.
5.I-Rockwell hardness indentation incane kakhulu, futhi inani elilinganisiwe lenziwa endaweni. Kuyadingeka ukukala amaphuzu amaningana ukuze uthole inani elimaphakathi. Ifanele imikhiqizo eqediwe nezingcezu ezincane futhi ihlukaniswa njengokuhlola okungabhubhisi. I-Brinell hardness indentation inkulu, inani elilinganisiwe linembile, ayifaneleki imikhiqizo eqediwe nezingcezu ezincane, futhi ngokuvamile ayihlukaniswa njengokuhlola okungabhubhisi.
6. Inani lobulukhuni lobulukhuni be-Rockwell inombolo engashiwongo ngaphandle kwamayunithi. (Ngakho-ke, akulungile ukubiza ukuqina kwe-Rockwell njengezinga elithile.) Inani lokuqina lokuqina kwe-Brinell linamayunithi futhi linobudlelwane obuthile obulinganiselwe namandla aqinile.
7. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell kuboniswa ngokuqondile ocingweni lokudayela noma kukhonjiswe ngedijithali. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyashesha futhi inembile, futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ukuqina kwe-Brinell kudinga isibonakhulu ukuze kukale ububanzi bokuhlehlisa, bese ubheka phezulu kwetafula noma ubale, okunzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
8. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-HB ne-HRC zingashintshwa ngokubheka phezulu kwetafula. Ifomula yokubala kwengqondo ingarekhodwa cishe njenge: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kuyindlela elula nelula yokuhlola ekuhlolweni kwempahla eyimishini. Ukuze usebenzise ukuhlolwa kokuqina ukuze umiselele ezinye izivivinyo zezakhiwo, ubudlelwano bokuguqulwa obunembe kakhudlwana phakathi kokuqina namandla buyadingeka ekukhiqizeni.
Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obusondelene obuhambisanayo phakathi kwamanani ahlukahlukene obulukhuni bezinto zensimbi naphakathi kobulukhuni nevelu yamandla. Ngenxa yokuthi inani lobulukhuni linqunywa ukumelana kokuqala kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokuqhubeka kokumelana nokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki, amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo aphezulu, ukuphakama kokumelana nokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki, kanye nokuphakama kobulukhuni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-16-2024
