Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafayela ensimbi, okuhlanganisa amafayela e-fitter, amafayela esaha, amafayela okubumba, amafayela amise okukhethekile, amafayela omenzi wamawashi, amafayela abakhi bewashi akhethekile, namafayela okhuni. Izindlela zabo zokuhlola ubulukhuni ngokuyinhloko zihambisana nezinga lamazwe ngamazwe ISO 234-2:1982 Steel Files and Rasps — Ingxenye 2: Izici Zokusika.
Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe licacisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlola: indlela yokuqina ye-Rockwell kanye nendlela yokuqina ye-Vickers.
1. Ngendlela ye-Rockwell yobulukhuni, isikali se-Rockwell C (HRC) ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa, futhi isidingo sokuqina ngokuvamile singaphezu kuka-62HRC. Uma ubulukhuni buphakeme kakhulu, isikali se-Rockwell A (HRA) singasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, futhi inani lokuqina litholakala ngokuguqulwa. Ukuqina kwesibambo sefayela (indawo ehlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu kwezinhlanu zobude obuphelele kusukela kuphuzu lesibambo) akumele kube ngaphezu kuka-38HRC, futhi ukuqina kwefayela lokhuni akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-20HRC.
2.I-Vickers tester hardness ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlola, futhi inani elihambisanayo lobulukhuni lizotholwa ngokuguqulwa ngemva kokuhlolwa. Ubulukhuni be-Vickers bufanele ukuhlolwa kwamafayela ensimbi anezendlalelo ezincane noma ngemva kokwelashwa kwendawo. Emafayilini ensimbi aphathwa ngokushisa okungaphezulu noma ngokwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali, ubulukhuni bawo buzohlolwa endaweni engenalutho ebushelelezi engu-5 mm kuya ku-10 mm ukusuka ekugcineni kwefayela elisikiwe.
Ukuqina kwethiphu lezinyo kuzoba phakathi kuka-55 HRC no-58 HRC, okufanele ukuhlolwa ngendlela ye-Vickers yobulukhuni. Uma kukhona indawo efanelekile, i-workpiece ingabekwa ngokuqondile ebhentshini lokusebenza le-Vickers tester hardness test. Nokho, ama-workpiece amaningi awakwazi ukulinganiswa ngokuqondile; ezimweni ezinjalo, sidinga ukulungiselela amasampula ama-workpieces kuqala. Inqubo yokulungiselela isampula ihlanganisa umshini wokusika we-metallographic, umshini wokugaya i-metallographic & wokupholisha, kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa we-metallographic. Bese, beka amasampula alungisiwe ebhentshini lomsebenzi le-Vickers hardness tester ukuze lihlolwe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwesibambo sefayela kungenziwa kuphela lapho ubuso bucutshungulwe ukuze buhlangabezane nezimo zokuhlola; ngaphandle kwezinhlinzeko zaleli zinga, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamafayela ensimbi kuzophinde kuhambisane nezinhlinzeko ze-ISO 6508 kanye ne-ISO 6507-1.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2025
