Indlela Yokuhlola Imishini Yezicathulo Ze-Cast Iron Brake Ezisetshenziswa Ku-Rolling Stock (Ukukhethwa Kwezicathulo Zebhuleki Kokuqina Kokuqina)

Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokuhlola izicathulo ze-cast iron brake kuzothobelana nendinganiso: ICS 45.060.20. Leli zinga licacisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwempahla yemishini kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:

1.I-Tensile Test

Kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-ISO 6892-1:2019. Ubukhulu nekhwalithi yokucubungula yezibonelo eziqinile kuzohlangabezana nezidingo ze-ISO 185:2005.

2.Indlela Yokuhlola Ukuqina

Izosetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-ISO 6506-1:2014. Izibonelo zokuqina zizosikwa engxenyeni engezansi yebha yokuhlola ehlukene; uma ingekho ibha yokuhlola, isicathulo esisodwa se-brake sizothathwa, i-6mm - 10mm izohlelwa eceleni kwayo, futhi ubulukhuni buzolinganiswa ezindaweni zokuhlola ezingu-4, ngenani elilinganiselwe libe umphumela wokuhlola.

Isisekelo Sendlela Yokuhlola Ukuqina

Izinga le-ISO 6506-1:2014 “Izinto Zensimbi – Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina kwe-Brinell – Ingxenye 1: Indlela Yokuhlola” icacisa umgomo, izimpawu nezincazelo, izinto zokuhlola, izifanekiso, izinqubo zokuhlola, ukungaqiniseki kwemiphumela kanye nombiko wokuhlola wokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell kwezinto zensimbi.

2.1 Ukukhethwa Kwezisetshenziswa Zokuhlola: I-Brinell Hardness Tester (Kunconyiwe Okokuqala)

Izinzuzo:Indawo yokuhlehlisa inkulu, engabonisa ukuqina okuphelele kwensimbi ecijile (insimbi ekhonjiwe ingase ibe nesakhiwo esingalingani), futhi imiphumela imele kakhulu.

Ifaneleka phakathi nensimbi eqinile ephansi (HB 80 - 450), ehlanganisa ngokugcwele uhla lobunzima bezicathulo ze-cast iron brake.

Ukusebenza kulula, futhi imfuneko yokuqedwa kwendawo yesampula iphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile i-Ra 1.6 - 6.3μm yanele).

2.2 Umgomo Wokuhlolwa Kokuqina Kwe-Brinell

Umgomo ungafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Ibhola le-alloy eliqinile (noma ibhola lensimbi elicishiwe) elinobubanzi obungu-10mm licindezelwa ebusweni besampula ngaphansi kwamandla athile okuhlola (afana no-3000kgf). Ngemva kokulinganisa i-diameter yokuhlehlisa, inani lokuqina (HBW) libalwa ukuze libonise ikhono lempahla lokumelana nokuguquka kwepulasitiki. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ilele ekumeleleni okunamandla kwemiphumela, okungabonisa izici zobulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuyindlela yakudala esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwezinto zensimbi.

2.3 Izimpawu Nezincazelo Zenani Lokuqina LeBrinell

Incazelo ewumnyombo yenani lobulukhuni be-Brinell (HBW) ithi: isilinganiso samandla okuhlola (F) nendawo yokuhlehlisa engaphezulu (A), eneyunithi ye-MPa (kodwa ngokuvamile iyunithi ayimakwanga, futhi kusetshenziswa inani lenombolo kuphela). Ifomula yokubala imi kanje:HBW=πD(D−D2−d2​)2×0.102×F
Kuphi:

F amandla okuhlola (iyunithi: N);

D ububanzi be-indenter (iyunithi: mm);

d ububanzi obuyisilinganiso sokuhlehlisa (iyunithi: mm);

I-coefficient “0.102″ iyisici sokuguqula esisetshenziselwa ukuguqula iyunithi yamandla okuhlola ukusuka ku-kgf ukuya ku-N (uma ibalwe ngokuqondile ngo-N, ifomula ingenziwa lula).

Kungabonakala kufomula ukuthi ngaphansi kwamandla okuhlola afanayo kanye nobubanzi obuyi-indenter, kuncane kwe-diameter ye-indent, amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo okumelana nokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki, kanye nenani lobulukhuni be-Brinell; ngokuphambene, inani eliphansi lobulukhuni.

Ngokwezici ezibonakalayo zezicathulo ze-cast iron brake (insimbi empunga), imingcele yokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell imvamisa kanje:

Amandla okuhlola (F): Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa i-3000kgf (29.42kN), futhi uphawu lokuqina oluhambisanayo luthi “HBW 10/3000″.

Qaphela: Uma isifanekiso sincane noma into ithambile, amandla okuhlola angalungiswa (afana no-1500kgf noma 500kgf) ngokuvumelana ne-ISO 6506-1:2014, kodwa lokhu kuzoboniswa embikweni wokuhlola.