I-Rockwell Hardness Scale HRA HRB HRC HRD

Isikali sobulukhuni beRockwell sasungulwa nguStanley Rockwell ngo-1919 ukuze ahlole ngokushesha ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi.

(1) I-HRA

① Indlela yokuhlola kanye nesimiso: ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRA kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukucindezela endaweni yezinto ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-60 kg, futhi kunquma inani lobulukhuni bezinto ngokulinganisa ukujula kokugoba. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Kufanelekela kakhulu izinto eziqinile kakhulu njenge-carbide eqinisiwe, izinto zobumba kanye nensimbi eqinile, kanye nokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto zepuleti elincane kanye nezimbozo. ③ Izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa: ·Ukukhiqiza nokuhlola amathuluzi kanye nezikhunta. ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni kwamathuluzi okusika. ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yobunzima bokugoba kanye nezinto zepuleti elincane. ④ Izici kanye nezinzuzo: ·Ukulinganiswa okusheshayo: Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRA kungathola imiphumela ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kufanelekile ukutholwa okusheshayo emgqeni wokukhiqiza. ·Ukunemba okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezimbozo zedayimane, imiphumela yokuhlola inokuphindaphindwa okuphezulu kanye nokunemba. ·Ukuguquguquka: Iyakwazi ukuhlola izinto zezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amapuleti amancane nezimbozo. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Ubuso besampula budinga ukuba bucwenge futhi bube yisicaba ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa. ·Imikhawulo yezinto: Ayifanele izinto ezithambile kakhulu ngoba i-indenter ingase icindezele isampula ngokweqile, okuholela emiphumeleni yokulinganisa enganembile. Ukugcinwa kwemishini: Imishini yokuhlola idinga ukulinganiswa nokugcinwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuqina kokulinganisa.

(2) I-HRB

① Indlela yokuhlola kanye nesimiso: ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRB kusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola lensimbi engu-1/16-intshi ukucindezela endaweni yezinto ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-100 kg, futhi inani lobulukhuni bezinto linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokugoba. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Kusebenza ezintweni ezinobulukhuni obuphakathi, njenge-alloys zethusi, i-alloys ye-aluminium kanye nensimbi ethambile, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezithambile nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. ③ Izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa: ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamashidi ensimbi namapayipi. ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bezinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi kanye ne-alloys. ·Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezimbonini zokwakha nezimoto. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: ·Uhla olubanzi lokusetshenziswa: Kusebenza ezintweni ezahlukene zensimbi ezinobulukhuni obuphakathi, ikakhulukazi insimbi ethambile kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi. ·Ukuhlolwa okulula: Inqubo yokuhlola ilula futhi iyashesha, ifanele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo emgqeni wokukhiqiza. ·Imiphumela ezinzile: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-indenter yebhola lensimbi, imiphumela yokuhlola inokuqina okuhle kanye nokuphindaphindwa. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Ubuso besampula budinga ukuba bushelelezi futhi bube yisicaba ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa. ·Umkhawulo webanga lokuqina: Akusebenzi ezintweni eziqinile kakhulu noma ezithambile kakhulu, ngoba i-indenter ingase ingakwazi ukukala ngokunembile ubulukhuni balezi zinto. · Ukugcinwa kwemishini: Imishini yokuhlola idinga ukulinganiswa nokugcinwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokulinganisa.

(3) I-HRC

① Indlela yokuhlola kanye nesimiso: · Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRC kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukucindezela endaweni yezinto ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-150 kg, futhi inani lobulukhuni bezinto linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokugoba. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: · Zifanelekela kakhulu izinto eziqinile, njengensimbi eqinile, i-carbide esimende, insimbi yamathuluzi nezinye izinto zensimbi ezinobulukhuni obukhulu. ③ Izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa: · Ukukhiqiza nokulawula ikhwalithi yamathuluzi okusika kanye nezikhunta. · Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bensimbi eqinile. · Ukuhlolwa kwamagiya, amabheringi kanye nezinye izingxenye zemishini ezinobulukhuni obukhulu. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: · Ukunemba okuphezulu: Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRC kunokunemba okuphezulu nokuphindaphindeka, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni ngezidingo eziqinile. · Ukulinganisa okusheshayo: Imiphumela yokuhlola ingatholakala ngesikhathi esifushane, okufanele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo emgqeni wokukhiqiza. · Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi: Kusebenza ekuhlolweni kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinobulukhuni obukhulu, ikakhulukazi insimbi ephathwa ngokushisa kanye nensimbi yamathuluzi. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: · Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Ubuso besampula kudingeka bube yisicaba futhi buhlanzeke ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa. Imikhawulo yezinto: Ayifanele izinto ezithambile kakhulu, njengoba ikhoni yedayimane ingase icindezeleke kakhulu esampula, okuholela emiphumeleni yokulinganisa enganembile. Ukugcinwa kwemishini: Imishini yokuhlola idinga ukulinganiswa nokugcinwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuzinza kokulinganisa.

(4) I-HRD

① Indlela yokuhlola kanye nesimiso: ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-HRD kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukucindezela endaweni yezinto ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-100 kg, futhi inani lobulukhuni bezinto linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokugoba. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Zifaneleka kakhulu ezintweni ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kodwa ezingaphansi kobubanzi be-HRC, njengezinsimbi ezithile kanye nama-alloy aqinile. ③ Izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa: ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bensimbi. ·Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-alloy obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu. ·Ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi kanye nesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezinobubanzi bobulukhuni obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: ·Umthwalo omaphakathi: Isikali se-HRD sisebenzisa umthwalo ophansi (100 kg) futhi sifanelekile ezintweni ezinobubanzi bobulukhuni obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu. ·Ukuphindwa okuphezulu: I-indenter yekhoni yedayimane inikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ezinzile nephindaphindeka kakhulu. ·Ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo: Kusebenza ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni bezinto ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakathi kobubanzi be-HRA kanye ne-HRC. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Ubuso besampula kudingeka bube yisicaba futhi buhlanzeke ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa. Imikhawulo yezinto zokwakha: Ezintweni eziqinile kakhulu noma ezithambile, i-HRD ingase ingabi yisinqumo esifanele kakhulu. Ukugcinwa kwemishini: Imishini yokuhlola idinga ukulinganiswa nokugcinwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kokulinganisa.