I-Rockwell Hardness Scale HRA HRB HRC HRD

I-Rockwell hardness scale yasungulwa nguStanley Rockwell ngo-1919 ukuze ahlole ngokushesha ubulukhuni bezinto zensimbi.

(1) HRA

① Indlela yokuhlola nomgomo: ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRA kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukuze icindezele endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-60 kg, futhi inquma inani lokuqina lento ngokulinganisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Ifanele kakhulu izinto eziqinile njenge-carbide esimende, izitsha zobumba nensimbi eqinile, kanye nesilinganiso sokuqina kwezinto zamapuleti amancane kanye nama-coatings. ③ Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezijwayelekile: ·Ukukhiqiza nokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi nokubunjwa. ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathuluzi okusika. ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yobulukhuni bokumboza nezinto zepuleti elincane. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: ·Isilinganiso esisheshayo: Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRA kungathola imiphumela ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kulungele ukutholwa ngokushesha emugqeni wokukhiqiza. ·Ukunemba okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezikhombi zedayimane, imiphumela yokuhlolwa inokuphindaphindwa okuphezulu nokunemba. ·Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene: Iyakwazi ukuhlola izinto zomumo nosayizi abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amapuleti amancane nama-coatings. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Indawo yesampula idinga ukuba isicaba futhi ihlanzeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yesilinganiso. ·Imikhawulo yezinto ezibonakalayo: Ayifanele izinto ezithambile kakhulu ngoba i-indenter ingase icindezele kakhulu isampula, okuholela emiphumeleni yokulinganisa engalungile. Ukunakekelwa kwezisetshenziswa: Izinto zokuhlola zidinga ukulinganiswa futhi zigcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuzinza kwesilinganiso.

(2) I-HRB

① Indlela yokuhlola nomgomo: ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRB kusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola yensimbi engu-1/16-intshi ukuze icindezele endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-100 kg, futhi inani lokuqina lento linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Isebenza ezintweni ezinobulukhuni obumaphakathi, njengama-alloys ethusi, ama-alloys e-aluminium nensimbi emaphakathi, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezithambile nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. ③ Izimo ezijwayelekile zohlelo lokusebenza: ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwamashidi ensimbi namapayipi. ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwezinsimbi nama-alloys angeyona insimbi. ·Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo embonini yokwakha neyezimoto. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: ·Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi: Kusebenza ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ezinobunzima obumaphakathi, ikakhulukazi insimbi emaphakathi nezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni. ·Isivivinyo esilula: Inqubo yokuhlola ilula futhi iyashesha, ifanele ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kulayini wokukhiqiza. ·Imiphumela ezinzile: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-indenter yebhola lensimbi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa inokuqina okuhle nokuphindaphinda. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Indawo yesampula idinga ukushelela futhi ibe flat ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yesilinganiso. ·Umkhawulo webanga lobunzima: Akusebenzi ezintweni eziqinile kakhulu noma ezithambile kakhulu, ngoba i-indenter ingase ingakwazi ukukala ngokunembile ubulukhuni balezi zinto. · Ukunakekelwa kwezisetshenziswa: Izinto zokuhlola zidinga ukulinganiswa futhi zigcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwesilinganiso.

(3)HRC

① Indlela yokuhlola nomgomo: · Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRC kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukuze icindezele endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-150 kg, futhi inani lobulukhuni bento linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: · Ifanele kakhulu izinto zokwakha eziqinile, njengensimbi eqinile, i-carbide enosimende, insimbi yamathuluzi nezinye izinto zensimbi ezinokuqina okuphezulu. ③ Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezijwayelekile: · Ukukhiqiza nokulawula ikhwalithi yamathuluzi okusika nokubunjwa. · Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwensimbi eqinile. · Ukuhlolwa kwamagiya, ama-bearings nezinye izingxenye zemishini ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: · Ukunemba okuphezulu: Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRC kunokunemba okuphezulu nokuphindaphindeka, futhi ifanele ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni ngezidingo eziqinile. · Ukulinganisa okusheshayo: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingatholakala ngesikhathi esifushane, esifanele ukuhlolwa ngokushesha emugqeni wokukhiqiza. · Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi: Kusebenza ekuhlolweni kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuqina okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi insimbi efakwe ukushisa kanye nensimbi yamathuluzi. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: · Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Indawo yesampula idinga ukuba isicaba futhi ihlanzeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yesilinganiso. Imikhawulo yezinto: Ayifanele izinto ezithambile kakhulu, njengoba ikhoni yedayimane ingase icindezele kakhulu kusampula, okuholela emiphumeleni yokulinganisa engalungile. Ukunakekelwa kwezisetshenziswa: Izinto zokuhlola zidinga ukulinganiswa nokunakekelwa okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuzinza kwesilinganiso.

(4) I-HRD

① Indlela yokuhlola nomgomo: ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-HRD kusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimane ukuze icindezele endaweni ebonakalayo ngaphansi komthwalo ongu-100 kg, futhi inani lobulukhuni bento linqunywa ngokulinganisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa. ② Izinhlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Ifanele ikakhulukazi izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu kodwa ngaphansi kwebanga le-HRC, njengezinsimbi ezithile nama-alloys aqinile. ③ Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezijwayelekile: ·Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwensimbi. ·Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwengxubevange yobulukhuni obuphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. ·Ukuhlolwa kwethuluzi kanye nesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezinobubanzi obuqinile obuphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. ④ Izici nezinzuzo: ·Umthwalo omaphakathi: Isikali se-HRD sisebenzisa umthwalo ophansi (100 kg) futhi sifanele izinto ezinobubanzi obuqinile obuphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu. ·Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yekhoni yedayimane inikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ezinzile futhi ephindaphindeka kakhulu. ·Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo: Kusebenza ekuhlolweni kokuqina kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakathi kwe-HRA ne-HRC. ⑤ Amanothi noma imikhawulo: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Indawo yesampula idinga ukuba isicaba futhi ihlanzeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemiphumela yesilinganiso. Imikhawulo yezinto ezibonakalayo: Ngezinto eziqinile kakhulu noma ezithambile, i-HRD ingase ingabi inketho efaneleke kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa kwezisetshenziswa: Izinto zokuhlola zidinga ukulinganisa nokugcinwa okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokwethembeka.