Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafayela ensimbi, kufaka phakathi amafayela omshini wokulungisa, amafayela esaha, amafayela okubumba, amafayela anomumo okhethekile, amafayela omenzi wamawashi, amafayela omenzi wamawashi okhethekile, kanye namafayela okhuni. Izindlela zabo zokuhlola ubulukhuni zihambisana kakhulu nezinga lamazwe ngamazwe le-ISO 234-2:1982 Amafayela Ensimbi kanye nama-Rasps — Ingxenye 2: Izici Zokusika.
Izinga lomhlaba wonke lichaza izindlela ezimbili zokuhlola: indlela yokuqina kweRockwell kanye nendlela yokuqina kweVickers.
1. Ngendlela yokuqina kweRockwell, isikali seRockwell C (HRC) sivame ukusetshenziswa, futhi isidingo sokuqina sivame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-62HRC. Uma ubunzima buphakeme kakhulu, isikali seRockwell A (HRA) singasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlolweni, futhi inani lokuqina litholakala ngokuguqulwa. Ubulukhuni besibambo sefayela (indawo ebalwa izingxenye ezintathu kwezinhlanu zobude obuphelele kusukela esicongweni sesibambo) akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-38HRC, futhi ubulukhuni befayela lokhuni akufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-20HRC.
2. Isihloli sokuqina kwe-Vickers singasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlolweni, futhi inani lokuqina elihambisanayo kufanele litholakale ngokuguqulwa ngemva kokuhlolwa. Ukuqina kwe-Vickers kufanelekile ekuhlolweni kwamafayela ensimbi anezendlalelo ezincane noma ngemva kokwelashwa kobuso. Kumafayela ensimbi aphathwe ngokwelashwa kokushisa kobuso noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali, ubulukhuni bawo kufanele buhlolwe endaweni engenalutho ebushelelezi eqhele ngama-5 mm kuya ku-10 mm ukusuka ekusikweni kwefayela kokugcina.
Ubulukhuni besihloko sezinyo kufanele bube phakathi kuka-55 HRC no-58 HRC, okufanele ukuhlolwa ngendlela yokuqina kweVickers. Uma kukhona indawo efanele, i-workpiece ingafakwa ngqo ebhentshini lokusebenzela le-Vickers hardness tester ukuze kuhlolwe. Kodwa-ke, i-workpiece eminingi ayikwazi ukulinganiswa ngqo; ezimweni ezinjalo, sidinga ukulungiselela amasampula e-workpiece kuqala. Inqubo yokulungiselela isampula ifaka phakathi umshini wokusika we-metallographic, umshini wokugaya nokupholisha we-metallographic, kanye nomshini wokufaka we-metallographic. Bese, beka amasampula alungisiwe ebhentshini lokusebenzela le-Vickers hardness tester ukuze kuhlolwe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni besibambo sefayela kungenziwa kuphela uma ubuso sebucutshunguliwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela yokuhlola; ngaphandle kwemibandela yaleli zinga, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bamafayela ensimbi kufanele futhi kuhambisane nemibandela ye-ISO 6508 kanye ne-ISO 6507-1.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-24-2025
