Okusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubulukhuni bendlela yokucindezela, njengokuqina kwe-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers kanye nokuqina okuncane. Inani lobulukhuni elitholiwe ngokuyisisekelo limelela ukumelana kwendawo yensimbi ku-deformation yepulasitiki ebangelwa ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle.
Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane samayunithi ahlukahlukene wokuqina:
1. Ukuqina kwe-Brinell (HB)
Cindezela ibhola lensimbi eliqinile losayizi othize (ngokuvamile u-10mm ububanzi) endaweni yezinto ezinomthwalo othile (ngokuvamile u-3000kg) bese uligcina isikhathi esithile. Ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, isilinganiso somthwalo endaweni yokuhlohla yinani lobulukhuni be-Brinell (HB), ku-kilogram force/mm2 (N/mm2).
2. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HR)
Uma i-HB>450 noma isampula lincane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell akukwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sokulinganisa ubulukhuni be-Rockwell kufanele kusetshenziswe. Isebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-120 ° noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59mm no-3.18mm ukuze licindezele ebusweni bento okufanele ihlolwe ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ukuqina kwento kutholakala ekujuleni kokuhlehlisa. Ngokusho kobunzima bento yokuhlola, ingavezwa ngezilinganiso ezintathu ezihlukene:
I-HRA: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme kakhulu (njenge-carbide enosimende, njll.).
I-HRB: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm. Isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi (njengensimbi ene-annealed, iron cast, njll.).
I-HRC: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu (njengensimbi eqinile, njll.).
3 Vickers hardness (HV)
Sebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yesikwele yedayimane enomthwalo ongaphansi kuka-120kg kanye ne-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ukuze ucindezele endaweni ebonakalayo, futhi uhlukanise indawo engaphezulu yomgodi wokuhlehlisa wezinto ngenani lomthwalo, okuyivelu yokuqina kwe-Vickers HV (kgf/mm2).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kokuqina kukaBrinell kanye ne-Rockwell, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Vickers kunezinzuzo eziningi. Ayinazo izithiyo zezimo ezishiwo zomthwalo ongu-P kanye nobubanzi be-indenter D njengo-Brinell, kanye nenkinga yokuguquguquka kwe-indenter; futhi ayinayo inkinga ukuthi inani lobulukhuni be-Rockwell alikwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Futhi ingahlola noma yiziphi izinto ezithambile neziqinile njenge-Rockwell, futhi ingahlola ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (noma izendlalelo ezincane) kangcono kune-Rockwell, engenziwa kuphela ngobulukhuni be-Rockwell surface. Kodwa nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ingaqhathaniswa kuphela phakathi kwesikali se-Rockwell, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa namanye amazinga obunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-Rockwell isebenzisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa njengenkomba yokulinganisa, futhi ukujula kokuhlehlisa kuhlala kuncane kunobubanzi bokuhlehlisa, ngakho-ke iphutha layo elihlobene nalo likhulu. Ngakho-ke, idatha yobulukhuni be-Rockwell ayizinzile njengo-Brinell no-Vickers, futhi vele ayizinzile njengokunemba kwe-Vickers.
Kunobudlelwano obuthile bokuguqulwa phakathi kukaBrinell, Rockwell kanye noVickers, futhi kunethebula lobudlelwano bokuguqulwa elingabuzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2023
