Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubulukhuni bendlela yokucindezela, njengobulukhuni bukaBrinell, ubulukhuni bukaRockwell, ubulukhuni bukaVickers kanye nobulukhuni obuncane. Inani lobulukhuni elitholiwe limelela ngokuyisisekelo ukumelana kobuso bensimbi ekuguqukeni kwepulasitiki okubangelwa ukungena kwezinto zakwamanye amazwe.
Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane samayunithi ahlukahlukene obulukhuni:
1. Ubulukhuni bukaBrinell (HB)
Cindezela ibhola lensimbi eliqinile lobukhulu obuthile (ngokuvamile ububanzi obuyi-10mm) ebusweni bento enomthwalo othile (ngokuvamile u-3000kg) bese uligcina isikhathi esithile. Ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, isilinganiso somthwalo endaweni yokugoba siyinani lobunzima beBrinell (HB), ngamandla ekhilogramu/mm2 (N/mm2).
2. Ubulukhuni beRockwell (HR)
Uma i-HB>450 noma isampula incane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni be-Brinell akukwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe ukulinganisa ubulukhuni be-Rockwell esikhundleni salokho. Kusebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-angle ye-vertex engu-120° noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59mm no-3.18mm ukucindezela ebusweni bento ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ubulukhuni bento butholakala ekujuleni kokugoba. Ngokusho kobulukhuni bento yokuhlola, ingavezwa ngezikali ezintathu ezahlukene:
I-HRA: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu (njenge-carbide eqinisiwe, njll.).
I-HRB: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eqinile enobubanzi obungu-1.58mm. Isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi (njengensimbi eqoshiwe, insimbi ephonswe, njll.).
I-HRC: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu (njengensimbi eqinile, njll.).
Ubulukhuni be-Vickers obu-3 (HV)
Sebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yesikwele sedayimane enomthwalo ongaphansi kuka-120kg kanye ne-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ukuze ucindezele ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo, bese uhlukanisa indawo yobuso bomgodi wokugoba kwezinto ngenani lomthwalo, okuyinani le-Vickers hardness HV (kgf/mm2).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bukaBrinell noRockwell, ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bukaVickers kunezinzuzo eziningi. Akunazo imingcele yezimo ezicacisiwe zomthwalo u-P kanye nobubanzi be-indenter D njengoBrinell, kanye nenkinga yokuguqulwa kwe-indenter; futhi ayinayo inkinga yokuthi inani lobulukhuni bukaRockwell alikwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Futhi ingahlola noma yiziphi izinto ezithambile neziqinile njengeRockwell, futhi ingahlola ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (noma izendlalelo ezincane) kangcono kuneRockwell, okungenziwa kuphela ngobulukhuni bomphezulu weRockwell. Kodwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ingaqhathaniswa kuphela ngaphakathi kwesikali seRockwell, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa namanye amazinga obulukhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba iRockwell isebenzisa ukujula kobulukhuni njengenkomba yokulinganisa, futhi ukujula kobulukhuni kuhlala kuncane kunobubanzi bobulukhuni, ngakho-ke iphutha layo elihlobene nalo likhulu. Ngakho-ke, idatha yobulukhuni bukaRockwell ayizinzile njengeBrinell neVickers, futhi ayizinzile njengokunemba kweVickers.
Kukhona ubudlelwano obuthile bokuguqulwa phakathi kukaBrinell, uRockwell noVickers, futhi kukhona ithebula lobudlelwano bokuguqulwa elingabuzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-16-2023
