Okusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubulukhuni bendlela yokucindezela, njengokuqina kwe-Brinell, ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ukuqina kwe-Vickers kanye nokuqina okuncane.Inani lobulukhuni elitholiwe ngokuyisisekelo limelela ukumelana kwendawo yensimbi ku-deformation yepulasitiki ebangelwa ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle.
Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane samayunithi ahlukahlukene wokuqina:
1. Ukuqina kwe-Brinell (HB)
Cindezela ibhola lensimbi eliqinile losayizi othize (ngokuvamile u-10mm ububanzi) endaweni yezinto ezinomthwalo othile (ngokuvamile u-3000kg) bese uligcina isikhathi esithile.Ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, isilinganiso somthwalo endaweni yokuhlohla yinani lobulukhuni be-Brinell (HB), ku-kilogram force/mm2 (N/mm2).
2. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HR)
Uma i-HB>450 noma isampula lincane kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Brinell akukwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sokulinganisa ubulukhuni be-Rockwell kufanele kusetshenziswe.Isebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ye-vertex engu-120° noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59mm no-3.18mm ukuze licindezele lidlulele phezulu kwento ezohlolwa ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ukuqina kwento kutholakala ukujula kokuhlehlisa.Ngokusho kobunzima bempahla yokuhlola, ingavezwa ngezilinganiso ezintathu ezihlukene:
I-HRA: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphakeme kakhulu (njenge-carbide enosimende, njll.).
I-HRB: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm.Isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi (njengensimbi ene-annealed, iron cast, njll.).
I-HRC: Ubulukhuni obutholakala ngokusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu (njengensimbi eqinile, njll.).
3 Vickers hardness (HV)
Sebenzisa i-indenter yesikwele sekhoni yedayimane enomthwalo ongaphansi kuka-120kg kanye ne-engeli ye-vertex engu-136° ukuze ucindezele endaweni ebonakalayo, futhi uhlukanise indawo engaphezulu yomgodi wokuhlehlisa wento ngenani lomthwalo, okuyivelu ye-Vickers hardness HV ( kgf/mm2).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kokuqina kukaBrinell kanye ne-Rockwell, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Vickers kunezinzuzo eziningi.Ayinazo izithiyo zezimo ezishiwo zomthwalo ongu-P kanye nobubanzi be-indenter D njengo-Brinell, kanye nenkinga yokuguquguquka kwe-indenter;futhi ayinayo inkinga ukuthi inani lobulukhuni be-Rockwell alikwazi ukuhlanganiswa.Futhi ingahlola noma yiziphi izinto ezithambile neziqinile njenge-Rockwell, futhi ingahlola ubulukhuni bezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (noma izendlalelo ezincane) kangcono kune-Rockwell, engenziwa kuphela ngobulukhuni be-Rockwell surface.Kodwa nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ingaqhathaniswa kuphela phakathi kwesikali se-Rockwell, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa namanye amazinga obunzima.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-Rockwell isebenzisa ukujula kokuhlehlisa njengenkomba yokulinganisa, futhi ukujula kokuhlehlisa kuhlala kuncane kunobubanzi bokuhlehlisa, ngakho-ke iphutha layo elihlobene nalo likhulu.Ngakho-ke, idatha yobulukhuni be-Rockwell ayizinzile njengo-Brinell no-Vickers, futhi vele ayizinzile njengokunemba kwe-Vickers.
Kunobudlelwano obuthile bokuguqulwa phakathi kukaBrinell, Rockwell kanye noVickers, futhi kunethebula lobudlelwano bokuguqulwa elingabuzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-16-2023
