Ukwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: esinye ukwelashwa kokushisa okungaphezulu kanye nokushisa okulinganiselwe, kanti esinye ukwelashwa kokushisa ngamakhemikhali. Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni yilena elandelayo:
1. Ukuqeda ubuso kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okushisayo
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokucima umphezulu nokushisa okulinganiselwe kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufudumeza kokungeniswa noma ukufudumeza ilangabi. Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ubulukhuni bendawo kanye nokujula kwezingqimba eziqinile okusebenzayo. Isihloli sobulukhuni be-Vickers noma isihloli sobulukhuni be-Rockwell singasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kobulukhuni. Amandla okuhlola Ukukhetha kuhlobene nokujula kwengqimba eqinisiwe okusebenzayo kanye nobulukhuni bomphezulu wento yokusebenza. Kunemishini emithathu yobulukhuni ehilelekile lapha.
(1) Isihloli sokuqina kwe-Vickers siyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngokushisa. Singasebenzisa amandla okuhlola angu-0.5-100KG ukuhlola ungqimba lokuqina komphezulu oluncane njengobukhulu obungu-0.05mm. Ukunemba kwaso kuphakeme futhi singahlukanisa izinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngokushisa. Umehluko omncane ebulukhunini bomphezulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula kwengqimba eqinisiwe esebenzayo nakho kutholakala ngumhloli wokuqina kwe-Vickers, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa isihloli sokuqina kwe-Vickers samayunithi enza ukucubungula kokushisa komphezulu noma asebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto zokusebenza zokwelapha ukushisa komphezulu.
(2) Umhloli wokuqina kwe-surface Rockwell ufanelekile kakhulu ekuhloleni ubulukhuni be-workpiece ecinyiwe ebusweni. Kunezikali ezintathu zomhloli wokuqina kwe-surface Rockwell ongakhetha kuzo. Ungahlola izingcezu ezahlukene zomsebenzi eziqiniswe ebusweni ezijula kakhulu ungqimba oluqiniswe ngempumelelo oludlula u-0.1mm. Nakuba ukunemba komhloli wokuqina kwe-surface Rockwell kungaphakeme njengowomhloli wokuqina kwe-Vickers, usuvele uhlangabezana nezidingo njengendlela yokuthola ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kweziqu zezitshalo zokwelapha ukushisa. .Ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi inezici zokusebenza okulula, ukusetshenziswa okulula, intengo ephansi, ukulinganisa okusheshayo, kanye nokufunda ngokuqondile amanani obulukhuni. Umhloli wokuqina kwe-surface Rockwell ungasetshenziswa ukuthola ngokushesha nangokungabhubhisi amaqoqo ezingxenye zomsebenzi eziphathwa ukushisa okuphezulu ngayinye ngayinye. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini zokucubungula insimbi kanye nokukhiqiza imishini. Lapho ungqimba oluqiniswe lokwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu luwugqinsi, umhloli wokuqina kwe-Rockwell ungasetshenziswa futhi. Lapho ubukhulu bengqimba lokwelashwa kokushisa bungu-0.4-0.8mm, isikali se-HRA singasetshenziswa. Uma ukujula kwengqimba eqinile Uma idlula u-0.8mm, isikali se-HRC singasetshenziswa. Amanani amathathu ajwayelekile obulukhuni be-Vickers, Rockwell kanye ne-Rockwell angaphezulu angaguqulwa kalula abe ngamanye, aguqulwe abe amazinga, imidwebo noma amanani obulukhuni adingekayo ngabasebenzisi, futhi ithebula lokuguqulwa elihambisanayo liku-ISO ejwayelekile yamazwe ngamazwe. I-ASTM ejwayelekile yaseMelika kanye ne-GB/T ejwayelekile yaseShayina inikezwe.
(3) Uma ubukhulu besendlalelo esiqiniswe ngokushisa bungaphezu kuka-0.2mm, kungasetshenziswa umhloli wokuqina we-Leeb, kodwa kudingeka kukhethwe inzwa yohlobo lwe-C. Lapho kulinganiswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuqeda kobuso kanye nobukhulu obuphelele bento yokusebenza. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ayinayo i-Vickers ne-Rockwell Umhloli wokuqina unembile, kodwa ufanelekela ukulinganiswa endaweni efektri.
2. ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamakhemikhali
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kwamakhemikhali kuwukungena ebusweni bento yokusebenza ngama-athomu ento eyodwa noma eziningana zamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kobuso bento yokusebenza. Ngemva kokucima nokushisa okuphansi, ubuso bento yokusebenza bunobunzima obukhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kanye namandla okukhathala okuxhumana, kanti umongo wento yokusebenza unamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina. Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko ento yokusebenza yokwelashwa ngokushisa kwamakhemikhali ukujula kwengqimba eqinile kanye nobunzima bomphezulu. Ibanga lapho ubulukhuni buwela khona ku-50HRC ukujula kwengqimba eqinile okusebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bomphezulu wento yokusebenza ephathwa ngokushisa kwamakhemikhali kufana nokuhlolwa kobulukhuni bento yokusebenza ephathwa ngokushisa eqediwe ebusweni. Abahloli bobulukhuni beVickers, abahloli bobulukhuni beRockwell noma abahloli bobulukhuni beRockwell bangasetshenziswa. Umhloli wobulukhuni ukuthola, ubukhulu be-nitriding kuphela obuncane, ngokuvamile abudluli ku-0.7mm, khona-ke umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell akakwazi ukusetshenziswa
3. ukwelashwa kokushisa kwendawo
Uma izingxenye zokwelapha ukushisa kwendawo zidinga ubulukhuni bendawo obuphezulu, ukwelashwa kokushisa kokucima kwendawo kungenziwa ngokufudumeza kokungeniswa, njll. Izingxenye ezinjalo ngokuvamile zidinga ukumaka indawo yokwelashwa kokushisa kokucima kwendawo kanye nenani lobulukhuni bendawo emdwebeni, futhi ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni bezingxenye kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ekhethiwe, ithuluzi lokuhlola ubulukhuni lingasebenzisa umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell ukuhlola inani lobulukhuni be-HRC. Uma ungqimba oluqinisiwe lokwelashwa kokushisa lungajulile, umhloli wobulukhuni beRockwell obungaphezulu ungasetshenziswa ukuhlola inani lobulukhuni be-HRN.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-22-2023
